WHAT IS PUMICE & PUMICE
The basis of the word pumice comes from the Italian language and has become a source for its equivalents in other languages. Italy has been using the pumice mine since time immemorial and has consumed almost all of its pumice reserves. Italy is not the only country that consumes pumice reserves, it is possible to give an example of mines that consume pumice reserves from our country. At the pumice mine located in the town of Sindelhöyük, Kayseri province, pumice is currently unable to extract pumice and pumice due to the depletion of the pumice reserve.
Pumice is a type of volcanic rock. It is in a volcanic glass structure. As a result of volcanic activities, two types of pumice were formed; acidic pumice and basic pumice.(Scoria, basaltic pumice) The color of basic pumice is dark and the unit volume weight is quite high compared to acidic pumice. ( 1.2 - 2 g /cm3 ) The most commonly found and used type on Earth is acidic pumice. This species has a light gray / off-white color due to the silicon, potassium and sodium in its structure. During its formation, it has acquired a highly porous structure as a result of sudden cooling and sudden release of gases from the structure. Almost all of the pores are not connected to each other. The density varies between 0.5-1 g Dec/cm3. Due to the excessive porosity of pumice, the heat and sound permeability is quite low. The hardness of pumice is around 5.5 - 6 according to the mohs scale, and the SiO2 ratio constituting its structure is between 60 Dec-75%. As a result of this ratio,the floor can even corrode steel. Pumice did not contain crystalline water,deep in the earth's crust there are pockets of dust formed by the partial melting of basalt. At very high pressure, this magma absorbs all substances that could be liquid or gas under normal conditions. (H2O, CO2, F) Over time, the pressure on these magma pockets decreases due to the effect of ground movements. When ground movements occur, a volcanic eruption begins and these gases are spewed through the magma. With the release of gases, the stickiness of the magma increases very quickly and the solidification temperature rises. Thus, magma foams, breaks into pieces and forms the substance we know as pumice stone. This substance is thrown from the crater into the air in a very large gas explosion and scattered around the environment.ez. Pumice stone is chemically ineffective.
Pumice is most often compared to perlite from volcanic rocks such as obsidian, pekstayn and perlite, which can be considered its own type. However, its porous structure, the fact that it does not contain crystal water and the fact that it can be used naturally without any treatment gives pumice stone quite a lot of advantages. The natural lightness of pumice stone provides great convenience in the process of cleaning from other foreign substances. This process can only be performed using water, because the pumice can remain on the water. Therefore, it does not pollute the environment and does not waste energy resources so that it can be converted into final products.
PUMICE IN HISTORY
1 B.C.pumice stone is mentioned in the architectural summary of Vitruvio in the century. In this summary, Vitruvio defines "lighter than water" as "swimmer" for this reason. It also states that it "does not absorb water" and is "hygienic". In the time of the ancient Romans, pumice stone was mostly used for the construction of thermal baths and temples. Some of these works can still be seen. The most prominent examples of these periods are the Roman Pantheon and the Hagia Sophia Church in Istanbul. In Germany, it was started to be used in the Rhinenland city in the 18 1 B.C.pumice stone is mentioned in the architectural summary of Vitruvio in the century. In this summary, Vitruvio defines "lighter than water" as "swimmer" for this reason. It also states that it "does not absorb water" and is "hygienic". In the time of the ancient Romans, pumice stone was mostly used for the construction of thermal baths and temples. Some of these works can still be seen. The most prominent examples of these periods are the Roman Pantheon and the Hagia Sophia Church in Istanbul. In Germany, it was started to be used in the Rhinenland city in the 1800s. Throughout Europe, there has been no interest in pumice stone until recently. In the USA, the use of pumice stone as a building material is 18. it started in California in the middle of the century. In the last 30 years, the development of technology and increasing environmental awareness have made the use of pumice stone widespread.
ITS USE IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Its chemical composition is Si 02%60-75, Al 203%13-17, Fc 203%1-3, Ca O%1-2, Na 2o+K2o%7-8, as well as trace amounts of Ti o2 and So3.
The ratio of si o2 contained in the rock acquires an obserive property to the rock. For this reason, a chemical structure is exhibited that will easily erode the steel. The composition of Al 203, on the other hand, gives high resistance to fire and heat. Na 2o and K2o are known as minerals that give reaction properties in the testyl industry.
THE USE OF PUMICE IN TEXTILES
The physical and chemical (Na2O - K2O) properties of pumice stone are completely suitable for grinding finished products in the textile industry. With the development of washing techniques, pumice stone has The physical and chemical (Na2O - K2O) properties of pumice stone are completely suitable for grinding finished products in the textile industry. With the development of washing techniques, pumice stone has also started to be used for washing fabrics with lighter weights. In addition, larger calibrated pumice stones have started to be used in the new generation washing machines.The pumice stone used in this sector is acidic and its color is white, it does not form stains on the product and does not require cleaning. This does not bring an additional increase to the cost of the textile product. Oct. However, the pumice to be used must be subjected to the rounding process called drumming and must be carefully separated from all other foreign substances. In addition, it should be calibrated in different sizes due to the differences in the fabrics to be washed and the variety in washing machines.
In the textile sector, we recommend our products with high quality and painstaking workmanship applied in pumice stone and no mixture of foreign substances in the content in order to make a good etching without damaging the product.
THE USE OF PUMICE IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
In soil reclamation, in low-soil and hydroponic areas, in agricultural areas with limited water nutrition.
THE USE OF PUMICE IN THE SECRETARIAT IN CONSTRUCTION
Production of filled or hollow light building elements, prefabricated building elements, roofing, decorative coating elements production, light ready-made plaster and mortar production, light concrete production.
The type of pumice stone used in buildings is called bims, which has entered our language from German. It has excellent physical and mechanical properties. pumice is usuaThe type of pumice stone used in buildings is called bims, which has entered our language from German. It has excellent physical and mechanical properties. pumice is usually used in all areas where pearlite is used. The use of pumice products in modern buildings continues to increase at a growing rate due to the need for energy conservation and earthquake resistance, since the energy and investment used in perlite are not required in the market. Due to the sad earthquakes that have occurred in our country, the construction sector has started to attach importance to these products.
Pumice has a density of 1/3 to 2/3 of that of normal sand and gravel. The same situation is observed in concretes made with pumice. It saves time and labor due to the fact that pumice concrete is lighter than normal concrete in construction ( unit volume weight is 800 - 900 kg / m3). In addition, since the load on the foundation will be reduced, it is possible to save about 20% on iron.
As a result of using pumice stone mortar instead of sand-cement mortar, mechanical force is less stressed due to the lightness of the mortar, the use of lightweight constructioAs a result of using pumice stone mortar instead of sand-cement mortar, mechanical force is less stressed due to the lightness of the mortar, the use of lightweight construction products as asmolen and wall material creates less concrete requirements, and the time and labor advantage brought by regular material use leads to a decrease in building costs. In addition, on the walls where these types of blocks are used, direct plaster, ceramics, etc. coatings can be applied, and if plaster is applied, there is no cracking or blistering on the plaster in the following years.
The number of heat permeability layers ofThe number of heat permeability layers of pumice ( 0.33 - 0.80 kcal / mh 0C ) is 5-7 times higher than normal concrete. Due to this feature, it also provides heat and energy savings on a large scale. due to the porous structure of pumice, the thermal insulation of building elements produced from pumice is much higher than that produced from other materials. the fact that the structures built using pumice products provide high thermal insulation significantly reduces the heating and cooling costs in the use of buildings. In addition, the excellence shown in sound insulation offers additional comfort in the buildings. Oct.
Among the light construction elements obtained from pumice products, there is asmolene used in floor concret
