PERLITE
A natural glass similar to the composition of granite, broken into small pieces in the appearance of pearls, formed by the sudden cooling of magma or dense lava. Perlite is also called pearl stone. The gray and greenish ones are famous, but there are also ones in various shades of brown red and blue. Their brightness is like pearly or oily. If broken pearlite is heated rapidly to a softening temperature of about 800-1000°C, 3-4% of the water contained in it evaporates and explodes the pearlite. The exploded pearlite becomes twenty times the volume of its volume before it is exploded. Thus, a material with a fairly low density is obtained.
Perlite deposits in Turkey spread from the Aegean Sea in the west to the Kars and Van regions in the east. The main perlite ore deposits are located in Izmir, Nevşehir, Aksaray, Niğde, Balıkesir, Manisa, Eskişehir, Çankırı, Ankara, Erzincan, Erzurum, Bitlis, Kars and Van provinces.
FORMATION OF PERLITE
Due to the fact that it is completely volcanic, the appearance of perlite is directly related to volcano formation, relief, mechanism and paleovolcanic evolution. Volcanoes are formed by the release of molten or unmelted substances and gases from a weak zone to the earth inside the earth. A volcano occurs with the upward movement of high-pressure gases collected deep in the earth's crust or under the crust. Magmatic masses carried by moving high-pressure gases constitute the main material of the volcano. Perlite is found in these materials. During this formation, the region may change from region to region. The formation in the Cappadocia Region is that it is formed in the region close to dom, akma and volcanic chimneys.
The study of magmatic activities and their qualities and origins is the subject of volcanism and volcanology. Volcanic activity is due to the sticky magma, that is, Sima, located under the Sial Crust in the inner part of the earth, and is related to a high temperature and pressure. On the one hand, the high temperature inside the ground, on the other hand, the substances that accumulate Decaying to the surface by coming out under the influence of great pressure from the bottom up, their physical and chemical characters depend on the activities in the inner layer that lies between the outer shell and the Nife part in the center in terms of origin and location.
Substances that come to the Earth molten by volcanoes are collected from time to time in magma January as molten and are pushed violently upward. Magma movements and January of volcanoes erupt from weak unstable places of the earth's crust, which are formed due to dislocations under the earth's crust and usually movements in the earth's crust, and therefore rise to the surface. The solids released in this eruption blow and the semi-liquid substances that come with them cool down as soon as they come out into the air and to the earth. Volcanic pines such as perlite are formed by the sudden cooling of lava. They are always bright on them and in the places of breaking. Their colors, on the other hand, vary according to the main elements that make up their composition.
TYPES OF PEARLITE ACCORDING TO ITS PETROGRAPHIC TEXTURE
Granular Pearlite
Pumice Pearlite
Devitiated Pearlite
Fibrous Pearlite
Penocrystalline
Pearlite With a Concentric Appearance, Such As Onion Peel
THE HISTORY OF PERLITE
Although perlite has been known to geologists for many years, its extraordinary expansion was detected by a ceramic technician in Superior-Arizona during enamel construction only in 1941.
After the Second World War, small expansion (blasting) facilities were established and experiments on pearlite treatment and use areas began to be conducted.
in 1949, "The Perlite Institute" was founded and organized to accelerate the development of this new branch of industry. In addition, this institute works to determine commercial standards through research and to find new areas of use and Sundays.
EXAMINATION OF PERLITE
In order to recognize pearlite during prospecting in the field, parts with a diameter of 1-2 cm are heated in a blowtorch flame.
Active perlites expand easily and in large quantities, even if the temperature rises slowly.
Passive pearlites do not expand at all in the purmuz flame or show a small amount of expansion at the edges. However, it is possible to expand these passive pearlites 12 times in a suitable furnace under suitable conditions. If acetylene flame is used instead of purmuz, a more approximate result is obtained. Since they have a wide variety of structures, it is not always possible to diagnose perlites with a microscope, and strict diagnosis is possible with infrared spectrometry. Chemical analysis of perlites gives a very necessary idea about their properties.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PERLITE
The structure of perlites is usually in the form of a pearl-lustrous glass, which is divided into small onion-shell shaped pieces containing concentric (concentric) cracks. Pearlite nodules ranging from pea size to orange size have been found. The glass part may contain inclusions such as trichite, globulite, margarite, microlite, crystalline, sphelurite and gas pores. Despite the glassy character of pearlite, very finely dispersed zeolite crystallization, i.e. mordenite formation, has been detected in the cracks and other parts of the onion skin structure. The refractive index of perlites is between 1.488 and 1.506, and the average value is 1.497 Dec. In polarized light, pearlite glass is isotropic, but sometimes shows a slight birefringence. It has been determined by X-ray analysis that pearlites contain free silica at a maximum of 4%. In the chemical analysis of the samples taken from various parts of the pearlite deposit in a wide region, it was found that the main combination of the rhyolite type remained constant, only the bound water contents changed. The ability to expand depends on the effective amount of water, not on the chemical combination of pearlite.
Obsidian contains less than 2%, pearlite contains 2 to 5%, and pechstein (pitchstone) contains between 5 and 9% water. Dec. Some of the water in the pearlite is loosely bound and comes out around 350 °C. The remaining 1.2% or so of water is tightly bound, but it Decays between 750-1100 °C, this is called effective water. Pearlite that usually expands between 750-900 °C is called active pearlite, and those that expand between 900-1100 °C are called passive pearlite. Dec.1, Dec.1, dec.1, dec.1, dec.1, dec. 1, dec.1, dec.1, dec.1, dec.1, dec. The loose unit volume weight of raw pearlite, which is broken and separated according to grain size, is 1.05-1.20 gr/cm3, while the volume weight of expanded pearlite decreases to 0.04-0.09 gr/cm3.
a. Tightly Bound Water: These are water molecules located between silica tetrabedra. Decoupled water: Silica tetrabedra, silica tetrabedra. In this way, it prevents the crystal structure and ensures that the pearlite remains in its basic state. b. Loosely Decoupled Water: These are water molecules found between the cracks of the ore. The efforts of this free water to get inside slow down the crystallization. During the heating of the ore, these two waters show different states. Up to a temperature of 450 oC, 80-90% of the water flies away, the rest provides expansion as active water. Perlite and the like can be separated from each other according to the amount of water they contain. There is 1% water in obsidian and 5-10% in Pekstayn. Dec.
WHY PERLITE
It is lightweight due to the fact that there are numerous open and closed air gaps in its structure, it is an exceptional thermal insulation material due to these pores,
It is a unique sound absorber; as a result of its porosity and lightness, it neutralizes high-frequency sounds, isolates pulsed sounds,
Perlite does not undergo chemical reactions due to its stable chemical structure. It is a neutral material, does not melt in water, does not rot, does not deteriorate,
It is sterile, does not harbor bacteria and microbes, does not help reproduction,
It is fire resistant,
It is an inorganic substance,does not burn and does not lose its properties at high temperatures,
Prevents the spread of fire from expanding,
The comfort of your buildings means saving your money. It provides material savings in construction. Due to its light weight, it reduces the use of iron and cement by 10% and reduces costs.
Cool in summer keeps warm in winter,
It definitely does not shelter mice and pests, pests cannot harm perlite,
It is not harmful to health and nature is friendly,
It is the thermal and sound insulation material of the era,
Perlite is used in the filtration of oil, drinking water and similar food waters, industry, agriculture, construction. It is one of the mines that do not contain radioactive in nature.
It is a light earthquake insurance. Reduces the dead load of your building. you can plaster your 150m2 apartment with 0.5 tons (500kg) Perlite instead of 15 tons of sand.
CONSUMPTION OF PERLITE
The most important factor affecting pearlite consumption is the activity in the construction sector. Therefore, the demand for perlite presents a situation parallel to the developments and recessions in the construction sector. Climatic conditions are also another factor affecting the development of insulation systems in buildings, hence the use of perlite.
In the USA, one of the largest producer and consumer countries in the world, 71% of the perlite consumed in 1999 was used in construction production products, 10% in agricultural aggregate, 9% in filter auxiliary material, 7% in filling material, 3% in other areas (Wallece p. February 2000). It is stated that about 70% of the pearlite used in construction production products in the world is used in insulation plates and ceiling tiles. (USBM, Roskilli,Metals and minerals Annual Review -996)
PERLITE COMPANIES MANUFACTURING IN TURKEY
IPM Industrial Mining A.Sh.
Imerys A.Sh.
Cappadocia Perlit Maden San. and tic. A.Sh.
Cappadocia Perlite Miner A.S.
Aktif Maden San. and tic. A.Sh.
Cevahir Maden San. and tic. A.Sh.
Genper Maden San. and tic. L.td.Sti.
Bergama Maden San. and tic. A.Sh.
Akper Maden San. and tic. L.td.Sti.
Kaleblok Bims San. and tic. A.Sh.
Erper Maden San. and tic. L.td.Sti.
Nadu Mining Petroleum Construction. Tour. Tic. A.Sh
PERLITE COMPANIES MANUFACTURING IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Cornerstone Ind. Minerals Corp.
Dikalit Management Group
Genper Group of Companies
Ausperl Pty Limited
Hess Perlite
Knauf Performance Materials GmbH
Nor Cal Perlite, Inc.
PVP Industries, Inc.
Perlite-92 Kft.
Towing Rhenen bv
SR Minerals, Inc.
Supreme Pearlite Company
